non-pharmacological
Last reviewed 01/2018
Psychological support, relaxation, breathing exercises:
- careful explanation of what to expect will reduce fear of the unknown and reassure the woman that all is progressing normally
- a well-informed partner may provide emotional support
- this approach is particularly useful in well-motivated women with an uncomplicated labour
- unlikely to provide enough help for the whole labour, particularly in primips
- women who choose to use breathing and relaxation techniques in labour should be supported in their choice (1)
- women who choose to use massage techniques in labour that have been taught to birth partners should be supported in their choice (1)
Hypnosis and acupuncture:
- these techniques may be of value
- NICE note that "..acupuncture, acupressure and hypnosis should not be provided, but women who wish to use these techniques should not be prevented from doing so.."
Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS)
- non-invasive, cheap, simple to use and safe
- the theory is that electrical stimulation provides a distraction while simultaneously gating the pain impulses at the level of the spinal cord
- probably more effective in the multip.
- NICE note that "..transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) should not be offered to women in established labour " (1)
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