aetiology

Last reviewed 01/2018

Horner's syndrome is a result of central or peripheral lesions:

Central lesions:

  • vascular:
    • posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion / lateral medullary syndrome
    • basilar artery occlusion
  • demyelinating disease - for example multiple sclerosis
  • syringomyelia or syringobulbia
  • tumours
  • cervical cord tumours

Pre- and post- ganglionic lesions:

  • apical pulmonary disease - Pancoast's syndrome
  • cervical rib
  • mediastinal tumour
  • carotid aneurysm
  • thyroid enlargement - goitre, tumour
  • neck trauma - carotid arteriography, cervical sympathectomy
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
  • cervical sympathectomy
  • brachial plexus lesions, for example Klumpke's palsy