complications
Last edited 02/2022
The complications of acute cholecystitis include:
- empyema
- gangrenous cholecystitis
- occurs in 2% to 30% of cases
- perforation of the gallbladder
- in 3% to 10% of patients
- emphysematous cholecystitis
- caused by secondary infection of the gallbladder wall with gas-forming organism
- common in elderly, and men with diabetes
- requires immediate antibiotics (directed at anaerobes, coliforms, and Clostridia species) and urgent surgery due to high incidence of perforation (1)
- pancreatitis
- perihepatic abscess
- portal pyaemia and septicaemia
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