aetiology

Last reviewed 01/2018

Causes include:

  • mechanical:
    • prosthetic heart valves
    • the microangiopathic haemolysis associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and other processes
  • immune:
    • antibody-mediated, e.g. transfusion reaction
    • complement-mediated, e.g. paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria