rare causes
Last reviewed 01/2018
These include:
- cystic fibrosis
- juvenile chronic polyarthritis
- myasthenia gravis
- dermatomyositis, systemic lupus
- muscular dystrophy
- motor neurone disease - very rare in children
- Gilbert's disease
- hyperammonaemia
- regional ileitis
- malignant disease
- congenital or acquired heart disease
- bacterial endocarditis
- chronic obstruction of the airway
- gross obesity
- renal failure
- endocrine causes - hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)