clinical features
Last reviewed 11/2022
Clinical features:
- congestive heart failure
- thrombo-embolism
- arrhythmias e.g. atrial fibrillation, especially if alcohol is a causative factor
- apex beat is displaced and diffuse
- soft S1 (possible mitral or tricuspid incompetence)
- loud P2 if pulmonary hypertension secondary to left ventricular failure
- gallup rhythm - S3 (left ventricular and right ventricular failure)