aetiology
Last reviewed 01/2018
Causes:
- idiopathic
- fatigue, excessive alcohol, caffeine ingestion, or smoking
- myocardial ischaemia
- digitalis
- tricyclics
- quinine
- hyperthyroidism
- hyperkalaemia and hypercalcaemia
- heart diseases with enlargement of the atria eg mitral stenosis
- long QT syndromes