clinical features of primum defect

Last reviewed 01/2018

The clinical features include:

• heart failure: this in infancy or childhood
• pulmonary hypertension: especially in Downs syndrome - pulmonary ejection systolic murmur and mid-diastolic tricuspid murmur reflecting increased flow
• cardiac enlargement
• breathlessness at rest
• Harrison's sulci
• pink with normal pulses
• apical pansystolic murmur: if mitral valve is incompetent