diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Last reviewed 01/2018

Most women experience at least mild 'physiological' premenstrual symptoms at some time in their lives

  • however more troublesome symptoms are generally termed 'premenstrual syndrome' (PMS)
  • women should be advised to record the symptoms in a symptom diary for two cycles (1)

A wide range of emotional, behavioural and physical symptoms are ascribed to PMS

  • physical - fluid retention and weight gain, breast tenderness and fullness, back pain, abdominal pain & bloating, swelling of extremities, change in bowel habit, muscle and joint pain
  • psychological - irritability, anxiety, depression, tension, mood swings, lack of concentration, confusion, forgetfulness, restlessness, loneliness, decreased self-esteem, changes in sleep, appetite and libido; tiredness
  • behavioural - reduced visuospatial and cognitive ability, more prone to accidents, suicides, criminal activity (1,2)

The most common are:

  • irritability, depression, and anxiety
  • abdominal bloating
  • breast swelling, tenderness and pain

Oedema may be severe, some women gaining up to 1 Kg in weight in the latter part of the menstrual cycle.

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