causes of persistent non-visible (microscopic) haematuria

Last reviewed 09/2021

Causes of persistent non-visible haematuria

Urological causes

  • common
    • benign prostatic hyperplasia
    • cancer (bladder, kidney, prostate, ureter)
    • calculus disease or nephrolithiasis
    • cystitis or pyelonephritis
    • prostatitis or urethritis
  • less common
    • radiation cystitis
    • urethral strictures
    • tuberculosis
    • medullary sponge kidney
    • cyclophosphamide induced cystitis
  • rare
    • arteriovenous malformation
    • renal artery thrombosis
    • polycystic kidney disease

Nephrological causes

  • common
    • IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
    • thin basement membrane disease
  • less common
    • acute glomerular disease:
      • postinfectious glomerulonephritis
      • rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
      • systemic lupus nephritis
      • vasculitis
      • goodpasture's disease
    • chronic primary glomerulonephritis:
      • focal segmental glomerulonephritis
      • mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis
      • membranous nephropathy
    • familial causes:
      • polycystic kidney disease (autosomal dominant or recessive)
      • hereditary nephritis (Alport's syndrome)
      • fabry's disease
      • nail-patella syndrome

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