clinical and biochemical features of different types of MODY
Last reviewed 04/2022
Clinical and biochemical features associated with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and the common subtypes of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
features |
type I DM |
type 2 Dm |
GCK-MODY |
HNF1A/4A-MODY |
|
typical age of diagnosis (years) |
10-30 |
>25 |
present from birth; presents at any age |
15-45 |
|
diabetic ketoacidosis |
common |
rare |
rare |
rare |
|
insulin dependent |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
|
parental history of diabetes |
<15% |
>50% in young onset type 2 diabetes |
if tested one parent usually has impaired fasting glycaemia (may not be previously known) |
60-90% |
|
obesity |
uncommon |
common |
uncommon |
uncommon |
|
insulin resistance |
uncommon |
common |
uncommon |
uncommon |
|
presence of β cell antibodies |
>90% |
negative |
rare |
rare |
|
C peptide concentrations |
undetectable/low |
normal/high |
normal |
normal |
|
optimal first line treatment |
insulin |
Metformin |
none |
Sulfonylurea |
GCK - glucokinase.
HNF1A/4A - hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α/4α
Reference;