hypothalamic - pituitary - gonadal (HPG) axis in testosterone deficiency (TD)
Last edited 05/2018 and last reviewed 06/2023
TD is a consequence of the body failing to produce sufficient testosterone to function normally, caused by disruption of 1 or more levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.1
It can be broadly classified as being either primary, secondary, or combined (mixed).
References
- 1. Khera M, Adaikan G, Buvat J, et al. Diagnosis and Treatment of Testosterone Deficiency: Recommendations From the Fourth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2015). J Sex Med 2016;13:1787-1804.
- 2. Bhasin S et al. Task Force, Endocrine Society. Testosterone therapy in men with androgen deficiency syndromes: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:2536-59.
functional testosterone deficiency (TD)
compensated testosterone deficiency (TD)
drug - induced testosterone deficiency (TD) in a male
impaired testosterone action and testosterone deficiency (TD)