oral contraceptive (breakthrough bleeding whilst taking COC)

Last edited 02/2020 and last reviewed 03/2021

This is a checklist in cases of possible breakthrough bleeding (BTB) occurring in COC takers. BTB bleeding may occur during the first few months after prescribing a new COC. If it persists then a cause must be sought.

History:

• taking of COC - ? missed pills ? taken at same time
• medication - ? enzyme inducers
• history of gastroenteritis ?
• is there a possibility of pregnancy or disorder associated with pregnancy e.g. trophoblastic tumour ?
• factors affecting absorption of pill e.g. ileostomy ?
• history of post-coital bleeding ? CIN ? - will need referral for coloposcopy

Examination:

• pelvic and speculum examination - swabs and cervical smear if indicated

If all possible causes have been excluded then the COC may be changed. Options include:

• a user taking a monophasic pill may try a phasic pill
• an increased level of progestogen
• a different type of progestogen e.g. consider a 3rd or 4th generation COC
• in some cases a high dose (50 mcg pill) may be considered

For more detailed guidance then see linked item - unscheduled bleeding whilst women using hormonal contraception