spread
Last reviewed 01/2018
Rectal carcinoma may spread:
Locally:
- around the bowel lumen
- invasive spread into the muscular wall
- infiltration into adjacent organs, e.g. prostate, bladder, vagina, etc
Lymphatically:
- initially to the inferior mesenteric nodes
- later spread occurs to the iliac nodes, groin nodes - retrograde spread, and supraclavicular nodes
Via the blood - haematogenous spread:
- liver
- lungs
Transcoelomic spread:
- seeding to the peritoneal cavity